Floods have affected 2.3 billion people worldwide in the last 20 years, and are associated with a wide range of negative health outcomes. Climate change is projected to increase the number of people exposed to floods due to more variable precipitation and rising sea levels. This systematic review synthesizes the evidence on health efects of food exposure among the population of sub-Saharan Africa. Out of 2306 screened records, ten studies met our eligibility criteria. We included studies that reported the impact of floods on water-borne diseases (n=1), vector-borne diseases (n=8) and zoonotic diseases (n=1). Five of the ten studies assessed the connection between flood exposure and malaria, the others focused on cholera, scabies, taeniasis, Rhodesian sleeping sickness, alphaviruses and faviviruses. Nine of the ten studies reported signifcant increases in disease susceptibility after flood exposure. However, long-term health efects, specifcally on mental health, non-communicable diseases and pregnancy, remain understudied.  Africa’s low contribution, but high vulnerability to climate change, calls for global cooperation and an effective international response.